To increase stability, researchers are studying degradation in both the perovskite material itself and the surrounding device layers. Perovskites can decompose when they react with moisture and oxygen or when they spend extended time exposed to light, heat, or applied voltage. Perovskite solar cells have demonstrated competitive power conversion efficiencies (PCE) with potential for higher performance, but their stability is limited compared to leading photovoltaic (PV) technologies. The office is supporting projects working to address these challenges through several funding programs, including the SETO FY2021 Small Innovative Projects in Solar (SIPS), SETO 2020 Photovoltaics, and SETO FY20 Perovskite funding programs, as well as the Perovskite Startup Prize. Each challenge represents a unique set of barriers and requires specific technical and commercial targets to be achieved. SETO has identified four primary challenges that must be simultaneously addressed for perovskite technologies to be commercially successful. While perovskite solar cells have become highly efficient in a very short time, a number of challenges remain before they can become a competitive commercial technology. Perovskite solar cells have shown remarkable progress in recent years with rapid increases in efficiency, from reports of about 3% in 2009 to over 25% today. Halide perovskites are a family of materials that have shown potential for high performance and low production costs in solar cells. The name “perovskite” comes from the nickname for their crystal structure, although other types of non-halide perovskites (such as oxides and nitrides) are utilized in other energy technologies, such as fuel cells and catalysts.
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